Social Welfare Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Welfare Policies - Essay Example The investigation is to investigate the starting points of open government assistance approach made explicitly for mother-just families. From the start, the Government of Chicago started the biggest moms' annuity program in the United States in 1911. Advancing close by developments for modern equity and ladies' testimonial, the moms' benefits development would have liked to give equity for moms and security from life's weaknesses. In any case, neighborhood governmental issues and open fund crashed the arrangement, and most ladies were required to procure. Widows were bound to get annuities than abandoned ladies and unwed moms. What's more, African-American moms were routinely prohibited on the grounds that they were demonstrated providers yet didn't contend with white men for employments. At last, the once-uniform promise to secure parenthood wavered on the models of individual help and working class turned into a significant part of the approach (Goodwin). Then again, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), normally known as government assistance, is the month to month money help program for poor families with youngsters under age 18. A group of three (mother and two youngsters) may meet all requirements for TANF if their gross pay is beneath $784 every month and resources are worth under $1,000 (TANF, 2000). This noteworthy examination shows how presumptions about single parents' jobs have customarily formed open approach and reveals new insight into the progressing contention of government assistance change. Moms' Pension Policy and TANF Moms' benefits framework is an eminent expansion to the huge insightful writing on ladies and the government assistance state. There are some examination of the trade offs and logical inconsistencies that tormented moms' annuities from the earliest starting point gives a genuinely necessary chronicled viewpoint on the present government assistance mess (Goodwin, 1997). Where most past researchers have inspected the inspirations, belief system, and political association that made conceivable the institution of moms' benefits laws during the 1910s, Gender and the Politics of Welfare Reform is the main monograph to break down their execution at the nearby level. Chicago had the biggest annuity program in Illinois, the main state to authorize a moms' benefits law. The 1911 Funds to Parents Act, which allowed areas to give money (rather than in-kind) help for poor guardians to bring youngsters up in their own homes, set another bearing in social arrangement by recognizing benefits from po or alleviation. Similarly, the TANF is just for low-salary families incorporate those with youngsters who: Do not have the help of one or the two guardians on account of a parent's nonappearance, incapacity, joblessness, or underemployment. Are under 18 years of age (they might be 18 if going to class and are relied upon to graduate before age 19). Are U.S. residents or legitimately conceded occupants of the United States. Live in Texas with a parent or close family member. Sadly, political resistance and financial limitations attempted to restricted the new program very quickly. With regards to other late researchers, it is the issue thought that how moms' benefits created as a segment of ladies' privileges (Ladd-Taylor, 1998). Notwithstanding, dissimilar to Theda Skocpol, who focuses on the job maternalist ladies' associations

Oxalate Complexes of Iron

Oxalate Complexes of Iron In coordination science there are various sorts of ligands. Monodentate ligands give just a single solitary pair to the metal particle. Bidentate ligands give two sets of electrons, for example, the oxalate ligands which can tie at two locales with the metal particle, in this way a coordination number of three ligands around one metal particle. Oxalate has four oxygens with each having a solitary pair yet it just uses two solitary sets to shape a coordination compound.There are likewise multidentate ligands, for example, the EDTA which give multiple sets of electrons. Oxalate is can be viewed as a chelating operator. This implies at least two securities are being broken so the ligand would be isolated from the metal. These chelating ligands give more solidness to the complex than those with monodentate ligands.1 The potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate and the iron (II) oxalate have a stereochemistry of an octahedral. The oxalate particle is a frail field ligand as per the spectrochemical arrangement. The Fe2+ has 6 electron in its d orbitals while Fe3+ would have 5 electrons. The unpaired electrons of the iron (III) would have a high turn thus act paramagnetically. Fe2+ and Fe3+ electrons can either appropriate themselves either in a low turn or a high turn game plan. A case of the plan which is increasingly preferred by Hunds rule 3d 4s 4p 3d 4s 4p Iron can acknowledge 6 sets of electrons on the grounds that the orbitals are hybridized in a manner to create 6 orbitals of equivalent vitality. A redox titration is a kind of response which depends on redox conditions between the analyte and the titrant. Decrease oxidation responses are responses where one of the part is being oxidized, for example, iron (II) to press (III) in this way getting all the more decidedly charged while the other is being diminished hence it is picking up electrons and will turn out to be more negative in its tendency. Potassium permanganate has the recipe of MnO4-which can be diminished to Mn2+ in lessening conditions. This is an oxidizing operator. In this investigation the iron (II) oxalate and potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate were examined. At that point these two salts were broke down for their iron and oxalate content and furthermore the exact recipe of each salt was resolved. Contraption: Pasteur pipette, gauging vessel, spatula, watch glass, estimating cyclinder blending bar, Buchner channel ,plug, warming mantle, balance, measuring utencils, thermometer, channel paper, ice-salt shower, carafes. Synthetic compounds: Synthetic Brand Evaluation Ferrous ammonium sulfate GPR Aldrich Oxalic corrosive dihydrate GPR N/A 2M sulphuric corrosive GPR BDH CH3)2CO GPR BDH Iron(II) oxalate GPR N/A Potassium oxalate monohydrate GPR BDH Hydrogen peroxide GPR BDH Ethanol GPR BDH Potassium permanganate GPR BDH Zinc GPR Carlo Erba Strategy: Trial A: Preparation of Iron(II) Oxalate 15g of ferrous ammonium sulfate were broken up in 50cm3 of warm water which has been fermented with 2M sulphuric corrosive (1cm3). 75cm3 of 10% oxalic corrosive arrangement was included with quick mixing. The blend was warmed tenderly to the breaking point and afterward the yellow accelerate of ferrous oxalate was permitted to settle. The encourage was expelled by filtration on a Buchner pipe. It was washed altogether with heated water and afterward with CH3)2CO. The item was permitted to dry on the pipe under pull and gauged. The item was utilized for the following segment. Trial B: Preparation of potassium trioxalatoferrate(III)Trihydrate 3.25g of ferrous oxalate was suspended in a warm arrangement of potassium oxalate (5g in 15cm3 water. 15cm3 of 20vol hydrogen peroxide was included from a burette while the arrangement was mixed ceaselessly and kept up at 40OC. The arrangement contained the encourage of ferric hydroxide. This was expelled by warming the answer for bubbling. 10cm3 of 10% oxalic corrosive and afterward a further modest quantity of oxalic corrosive was included dropwise until the encourage simply disintegrated. During the expansion of oxalic corrosive, the arrangement was kept up close to the breaking point. The hot arrangement was sifted. 15cm3 of ethanol was added to the filtrate, any precious stones that were shaped by delicate warming were re-broken down and put in a dim cabinet to take shape. The gems were gathered by filtration on a Buchner pipe. These were washed with an equivolume blend of ethanol and water lastly with CH3)2CO. This was dried,weighed and the item kept in obscurity. Test C: The examination of the items for iron and oxalate Iron(II) oxalate 0.3g of oxalate was broken up in 25cm3 of 2M sulphuric corrosive. The arrangement was warmed to 60OC and titrated with 0.02M standard potassium permanganate arrangement until the main lasting pink shading was watched. 2g of zinc dust were added to the arrangement and bubbled for 25 minutes. It was separated through the glass divider and the leftover was washed with 2M sulphuric corrosive. The washings were added to the filtrate and this was titrated with an answer of standard potassium permanganate The rates of iron, oxalate, water of crystallization in the item and the experimental recipe were resolved. Potassium trioxalateoferrate(III) trihydrate 0.2g of the complex were broken down in 25cm3 2M sulphuric corrosive. This was titrated with 0.02M standard potassium permanganate arrangement until the primary perpetual pink shading was watched. 2g of zinc dust were added to the arrangement and bubbled for 25 minutes. This was sifted through a glass fleece and the leftover was washed with 2M sulphuric corrosive. The washings were added to the filtrate and this was titrated with an answer of standard potassium permanganate. The level of iron and oxalate in the complex was resolved. These were contrasted with the hypothetical qualities. Results: Analysis A: Ferrous oxalate: 7.478g Analysis B Potassium oxalate:5.058g Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) hydrate:6.019g Ferrous oxalate:3.273g Analysis C: Iron oxalate: 0.301g Volume of potassium permanganate Beginning Last Titre esteem Volume of potassium permanganate in the wake of including zinc Beginning Last Titre esteem Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate:0.200g Volume of potassium permanganate Beginning Last Titre esteem Volume of potassium permanganate in the wake of including zinc Beginning Last Titre esteem Count: Iron(II) oxalate Iron(II) and oxalate is oxidized by permanganate to Iron(III) and carbon dioxide Iron(III) is diminished by zinc to Iron(II) MnO4-+ 5Fe3+-+ 8H +â†'Mn2 + 5Fe2+ + 4H2O Iron 0.02 moles=1000cm3 ? 17.2cm3 3.4410-4 moles 5Fe2+:1MnO4- 1.72X10-3:3.44X10-4moles 1mole=56g 1.7210-3moles=? 0.096g Oxalate 2MnO4-+5C2O42-+16H+â†' 2Mn2+ + 10CO2+8H2O 52.4cm3-17.2cm3=35.2cm3 0.02moles=1000cm3 ? 35.2cm3 7.0410-4moles 2MnO-4:5C2O42- 7.04X10-4:1.76X10-3 1mole=88g 1.7610-3moles=? 0.155g Observational recipe 0.096g+0.155g=0.251g 0.301g-0.251g=0.05g 1mole=18g ? = 0.05g 2.7810-3moles 1.7210-3 moles 1.7610-3moles 2.7810-3moles 1.7210-3 moles 1.7210-3moles 1.7210-3moles 1 1.02~1 1 .6 ~ 2 FeC2O4.2H2O % of iron, oxalate and water of crystallization in Iron(II) oxalate Hypothetical Fe C2O4 2H2O 56g 88g 36g 180g 18 31% 49% 20% Tested Fe C2O4 2H2O 0.096g 0.155g 0.05g 0.301g 31.89% 51.5% 16.6% Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate Oxalate is oxidized by permanganate to carbon dioxide Iron(III) is diminished by zinc to Iron(II) Iron MnO4-+ 5Fe3+-+ 8H +â†'Mn2 + 5Fe2+ + 4H2O 0.02moles=1000cm3 ? 4.1cm3 8.210-5 moles 5Fe2+:1MnO4- 4.110-4moles: 8.210-5 moles 1 mole=56g 4.110-4moles =0.023g Oxalate 2MnO4-+5C2O42-+16H+â†' 2Mn2+ + 10CO2+8H2O 0.02 moles=1000cm3 ? 26.4cm3 5.2810-4moles 2MnO4-:5C2O4 5.2810-4:1.3210-3 moles 1 mole=88g 1.3210-3 moles=? 0.116g K3[Fe(C2O4)3].3H2O= RMM 471 % of iron and oxalate in potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate Hypothetical K3 Fe (C2O4)3 3H2O 120 56 264 36 471 25.48% 11.9% 56% 7.64% Tested Fe (C2O4)3 0.023 0.116 0.2 11.5% of iron in potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate 58% of oxalate in potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate Precautionary measures: The precious stones were scratched from the channel paper which could prompt off base filtration. The temperature of the arrangement was kept above 60oC during the titration of iron oxalate against potassium permanaganate. Titration mechanical assembly was washed in like manner; Pipette and burette were washed first with water and afterward with the arrangement. Flagons were washed with water as it were. It was ensured that the burette was not flawed since it would influence the conclusive outcome. The result of potassium trioxalatoferate(III) trihydrate was placed in a dim cabinet since it is photosensitive causing loss of item. A warming mantle was utilized rather than a bunsen burner since ethanol is combustible. At the point when the ethanol was added to the filtrate to some extent B the arrangement was left to chill off since if the ethanol was added to the hot filtrate the ethanol could have vanished. Wellsprings of mistake: Dish sets that was not aligned appropriately could be a wellspring of blunder The precious stones were not dried totally thus would prompt higher weight. Loss of the item due to moving from the parity to the cup, because of air flows and temperamental developments. The shade of the end point could be misdirecting as various individuals have distinctive affectability to hues. Hydrogen peroxide could break down in light thus the oxidation of iron (II) and iron (III) would not be finished. Permanganate arrangement when permitted to remain in burette can experience fractional deterioration to MnO2. Troublesome in observing the estimations on the burette in light of the dull violet delivered by the permanganate arrangement Ferric particle is ruddy earthy colored which could have meddled with the perception of the swoon pink titration endpoint. Conversation: Readiness of iron(II) oxalate When oxalic corrosive is added to the blend of ferrous ammonium sulfate in water and fermented wi

Casey, William Joseph

Casey, William Joseph Casey, William Joseph, 1913â€"87, American public official, b. New York City. After graduating from Fordham (B.S., 1934) he obtained a law degree from St. Johns Univ. (1937). During World War II he became an important official in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and helped supervise clandestine operations in Europe. After the war he became a successful tax lawyer. A conservative Republican, he held several high positions in the Nixon and Ford administrations, including chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (1973â€"74) and head of the Export-Import Bank (1975). In 1980 he served as chairman of President Reagan's campaign committee. Between 1981 and 1987, he served as director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), where he was responsible for an aggressive expansion of clandestine activities. He was one of the central figures in the complex sequence of covert activities known as the Iran-contra affair . On Dec. 15, 1986, shortly after the affair became public, Casey suffered a serious stroke. He died of brain cancer the next year without revealing the details of his involvement in the events. See his The Secret War against Hitler (1988); biography by J. E. Persico (1990). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

The Middle Level Grades Sector Of Our Education System

Being an educator in the middle level grades sector of our education system is not a simplistic idea with a singular task. It is also not easily defined. There are many aspects to be considered. We must start at the beginning where the basis was founded and build upon that. To understand and prepare for the future of education in the middle level grades we must remember the history, concepts, ideas, theories, and all the research that has come before us. The concept of the middle level school is still a fairly recent one. The birth of the name and the concept came out of the need to separate and give new identities to the grades in between elementary and high school. It was determined through research and collaboration that this group of students needed a curriculum and establishment that was better suited to provide for and accompany them during their time of change from children to adolescents. The developmental properties of students in this group are rapidly changing and growing, unlike those of their peers below them in elementary and above them in high school. The previous concept of the junior high school did not fit these students. They were just a smaller version of a high school student. The high school system did not work for them. They needed a schedule and a curriculum that was designed around their ever-changing needs. Research has shown that pre-and early adolescence students have an understanding, intelle ct, and social order, physical andShow MoreRelatedHigh School Education in India1546 Words   |  7 PagesEDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA- HIGH SCHOOL In India, high school is a grade of education which includes Standards VII to X. Standards XI to XII called as Higher Secondary School or Senior Secondary School or Junior college. Some states refer to Standards IX and X as High School, while XI and XII are termed as Intermediate. 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In cities like these, there is high competition for employment and as such it is very difficult to find adequate jobs. Considering that educated middle class citizens have difficulties in finding good jobs, one can only imagine what the inner-city poor go through in finding adequate jobs. Government fundedRead MoreCausality of t he Racial Educational Achievement Gap1350 Words   |  6 PagesCausality of the Racial Educational Achievement Gap Research shows that on average, there is an educational gap between different ethnicities. This gap is called the racial educational achievement gap and is often looked at as the difference in education between black, hispanic, and white students. Even though this gap is not true in all situations, it is a big enough problem that several organizations have taken extensive research to find out exactly what causes the racial achievement gap. Pinpointing

The Sociological Understanding Of Consumer Behaviour

Introduction Consumption is a universal process that we all take part in, regardless of class, status or gender. Understanding how consumption is made possible is a key sociological question. The concept and foundation of consumption can often simply be understood as an individual consumers’ buying behaviour process (Foxall, 1983). Limiting the concept of consumption to this finite understanding only hinders the plethora of symbolism and layers of meaning that can be analysed in contemporary consumer behaviour. Throughout this essay, I will analytically assess how consumption is made possible by focusing on the sociological understanding of consumer behaviour. I will do this by analysing three key areas. Firstly, I will discuss how products can hold a symbolic values that will allows consumers to create and sustain their self-identities. Secondly marketers will be shown to use this symbolism by employing emotional work and playing on brand identity in order to shape consumer behaviour. Finally, I will culminate the assessment by asserting how a consumers’ social and cultural consumption behaviour can be affected by ing behaviour. I will conclude by sustaining the argument that understanding consumption from a sociological perspective is significant as it provides a deeper understanding of contemporary consumer behaviour. The idea of symbolic consumption In understanding how products hold a symbolic value Mach (1993) asserts how the construction of aShow MoreRelatedConsumer behaviour theory is all fine and well, but has nothing to tell us about how consumers act in real life1037 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬ËœConsumer behaviour theory is all fine and well, but has nothing to tell us about how consumers act in real life’ In the current state of understanding consumer behaviour attitudes are core concept in gaining knowledge of people’s personalities, behaviour and choices they make. 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Why Search Engines and Databases Produce Different Types of Results Free Essays

Living in the Information Age (SOS-110-OL) Writing Assignment 2 The difference between what evaluative and assessment information is provided by an Internet search using Google. com and a search using EBSCO’s Academic Search Premier Database is extremely different. I started my searches by open two different internet windows, Google on one and EBSCO on another. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Search Engines and Databases Produce Different Types of Results or any similar topic only for you Order Now My Google search and EBSCO search was â€Å"articles on privacy and security on the internet†. The top result from Google was ftc. gov. This page had a list of three different microsites, two did not have any articles and the other one did. The article I found was on Malware. When I evaluate this article from the techniques from the Berkeley site, it does not rate well. It has no author and it does not cite any sources. The one plus it does have is that it is from a . gov site. Even though it does not rate well I do trust this site. The reason why I trust the site is because in the fifth step of the evaluation process, listen to your gut reaction. Think about why the page was created, the intentions of its author. My gut reaction tells me the information is coming from a government cite so I trust it. The purpose of this article was to inform and educate, there were no other intentions other than to inform and educate. My top result from EBSCO was an article from Communications of the ACM called Privacy and Security as Simple as Possible, But Not More So. The authors of this article are very creditable and qualified on the topic. This article was published to inform, give facts and some opinion. The article’s sources are document with footnotes throughout. Overall, this is a credible and useful source of information. It as creditable authors and all of the information was backed up with creditable sources. Like I said earlier the difference between what evaluative and assessment information is provided by an Internet search using Google. com and a search using EBSCO’s Academic Search Premier Database is extremely different. Search engines locate web pages that contain the keywords that the users entered. They also can find articles but it can be difficult to narrow down results. Like the search I just completed â€Å"articles on privacy and security on the internet† the search engines finds web pages not articles, so most of the information that came back from the search did not really pertain to what I was looking for. The database search on the other hand searched for actual articles that pertained to the subject that I was looking for, it is more organized and easier to access. Database much like the internet have massive amounts of data in which they can pull information but databases mainly will pull their articles from newspapers, magazines, journals and electronic reference sources so it is a more creditable source. Internet search engines and database searches can both provide good sources of information when doing searches. I found that the database search was more organize and had more information that pertained to my subject. How to cite Why Search Engines and Databases Produce Different Types of Results, Papers

The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay Example For Students

The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay The Renaissance started in Italy for many different reasons. For one, the Italians simply saw what they used to be The ancient city of Rome, mainly. They also probably wanted stability, with all this war and church nonsense going around. Finally, they needed something to do in these dark times, I would imagine. Rome was a magnificent city, and it flourished with life and prosperity Unlike the Italy prior to the Renaissance. I believe Romeos ruins was a prime factor in the Renaissance; l, personally would feel very motivated to create new cities and artwork y seeing what we as a country used to be. We will write a custom essay on The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To me, its as if the ghosts of their magnificent past came back and told them to get their act in gear, and they listened. With the Holy Roman Empire and all this church rubble going around, Im sure the Italians wanted stability and comfort. Comfort is very much so in the mind of the beholder, and I suppose artwork and innovation was comfortable to them in those times of war. Staring at the beautiful artwork of Michelangelo would definitely motivate me, personally. Finally, the Italians needed something. Something to entertain them, to take their minds off their misery or poor governmental conditions. Art is a very calming thing, and Im sure many found peace in doing so. The Renaissance was a must, and it happened. So, in conclusion, the Renaissance happened in Italy for three main reasons; they saw what they used to be, wanted stability, and wanted an escapement from reality. The Renaissance was a great period and some of the best artwork ever created by mankind has come from it, too. The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay Example For Students The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay The Renaissance started in Italy for many different reasons. For one, the Italians simply saw what they used to be The ancient city of Rome, mainly. They also probably wanted stability, with all this war and church nonsense going around. Finally, they needed something to do in these dark times, I would imagine. Rome was a magnificent city, and it flourished with life and prosperity Unlike the Italy prior to the Renaissance. I believe Romeos ruins was a prime factor in the Renaissance; l, personally would feel very motivated to create new cities and artwork y seeing what we as a country used to be. We will write a custom essay on The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To me, its as if the ghosts of their magnificent past came back and told them to get their act in gear, and they listened. With the Holy Roman Empire and all this church rubble going around, Im sure the Italians wanted stability and comfort. Comfort is very much so in the mind of the beholder, and I suppose artwork and innovation was comfortable to them in those times of war. Staring at the beautiful artwork of Michelangelo would definitely motivate me, personally. Finally, the Italians needed something. Something to entertain them, to take their minds off their misery or poor governmental conditions. Art is a very calming thing, and Im sure many found peace in doing so. The Renaissance was a must, and it happened. So, in conclusion, the Renaissance happened in Italy for three main reasons; they saw what they used to be, wanted stability, and wanted an escapement from reality. The Renaissance was a great period and some of the best artwork ever created by mankind has come from it, too. The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay Example For Students The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay The Renaissance started in Italy for many different reasons. For one, the Italians simply saw what they used to be The ancient city of Rome, mainly. They also probably wanted stability, with all this war and church nonsense going around. Finally, they needed something to do in these dark times, I would imagine. Rome was a magnificent city, and it flourished with life and prosperity Unlike the Italy prior to the Renaissance. I believe Romeos ruins was a prime factor in the Renaissance; l, personally would feel very motivated to create new cities and artwork y seeing what we as a country used to be. We will write a custom essay on The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To me, its as if the ghosts of their magnificent past came back and told them to get their act in gear, and they listened. With the Holy Roman Empire and all this church rubble going around, Im sure the Italians wanted stability and comfort. Comfort is very much so in the mind of the beholder, and I suppose artwork and innovation was comfortable to them in those times of war. Staring at the beautiful artwork of Michelangelo would definitely motivate me, personally. Finally, the Italians needed something. Something to entertain them, to take their minds off their misery or poor governmental conditions. Art is a very calming thing, and Im sure many found peace in doing so. The Renaissance was a must, and it happened. So, in conclusion, the Renaissance happened in Italy for three main reasons; they saw what they used to be, wanted stability, and wanted an escapement from reality. The Renaissance was a great period and some of the best artwork ever created by mankind has come from it, too.