Social Welfare Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Social Welfare Policies - Essay Example The investigation is to investigate the starting points of open government assistance approach made explicitly for mother-just families. From the start, the Government of Chicago started the biggest moms' annuity program in the United States in 1911. Advancing close by developments for modern equity and ladies' testimonial, the moms' benefits development would have liked to give equity for moms and security from life's weaknesses. In any case, neighborhood governmental issues and open fund crashed the arrangement, and most ladies were required to procure. Widows were bound to get annuities than abandoned ladies and unwed moms. What's more, African-American moms were routinely prohibited on the grounds that they were demonstrated providers yet didn't contend with white men for employments. At last, the once-uniform promise to secure parenthood wavered on the models of individual help and working class turned into a significant part of the approach (Goodwin). Then again, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), normally known as government assistance, is the month to month money help program for poor families with youngsters under age 18. A group of three (mother and two youngsters) may meet all requirements for TANF if their gross pay is beneath $784 every month and resources are worth under $1,000 (TANF, 2000). This noteworthy examination shows how presumptions about single parents' jobs have customarily formed open approach and reveals new insight into the progressing contention of government assistance change. Moms' Pension Policy and TANF Moms' benefits framework is an eminent expansion to the huge insightful writing on ladies and the government assistance state. There are some examination of the trade offs and logical inconsistencies that tormented moms' annuities from the earliest starting point gives a genuinely necessary chronicled viewpoint on the present government assistance mess (Goodwin, 1997). Where most past researchers have inspected the inspirations, belief system, and political association that made conceivable the institution of moms' benefits laws during the 1910s, Gender and the Politics of Welfare Reform is the main monograph to break down their execution at the nearby level. Chicago had the biggest annuity program in Illinois, the main state to authorize a moms' benefits law. The 1911 Funds to Parents Act, which allowed areas to give money (rather than in-kind) help for poor guardians to bring youngsters up in their own homes, set another bearing in social arrangement by recognizing benefits from po or alleviation. Similarly, the TANF is just for low-salary families incorporate those with youngsters who: Do not have the help of one or the two guardians on account of a parent's nonappearance, incapacity, joblessness, or underemployment. Are under 18 years of age (they might be 18 if going to class and are relied upon to graduate before age 19). Are U.S. residents or legitimately conceded occupants of the United States. Live in Texas with a parent or close family member. Sadly, political resistance and financial limitations attempted to restricted the new program very quickly. With regards to other late researchers, it is the issue thought that how moms' benefits created as a segment of ladies' privileges (Ladd-Taylor, 1998). Notwithstanding, dissimilar to Theda Skocpol, who focuses on the job maternalist ladies' associations

Oxalate Complexes of Iron

Oxalate Complexes of Iron In coordination science there are various sorts of ligands. Monodentate ligands give just a single solitary pair to the metal particle. Bidentate ligands give two sets of electrons, for example, the oxalate ligands which can tie at two locales with the metal particle, in this way a coordination number of three ligands around one metal particle. Oxalate has four oxygens with each having a solitary pair yet it just uses two solitary sets to shape a coordination compound.There are likewise multidentate ligands, for example, the EDTA which give multiple sets of electrons. Oxalate is can be viewed as a chelating operator. This implies at least two securities are being broken so the ligand would be isolated from the metal. These chelating ligands give more solidness to the complex than those with monodentate ligands.1 The potassium trioxalatoferrate (III) trihydrate and the iron (II) oxalate have a stereochemistry of an octahedral. The oxalate particle is a frail field ligand as per the spectrochemical arrangement. The Fe2+ has 6 electron in its d orbitals while Fe3+ would have 5 electrons. The unpaired electrons of the iron (III) would have a high turn thus act paramagnetically. Fe2+ and Fe3+ electrons can either appropriate themselves either in a low turn or a high turn game plan. A case of the plan which is increasingly preferred by Hunds rule 3d 4s 4p 3d 4s 4p Iron can acknowledge 6 sets of electrons on the grounds that the orbitals are hybridized in a manner to create 6 orbitals of equivalent vitality. A redox titration is a kind of response which depends on redox conditions between the analyte and the titrant. Decrease oxidation responses are responses where one of the part is being oxidized, for example, iron (II) to press (III) in this way getting all the more decidedly charged while the other is being diminished hence it is picking up electrons and will turn out to be more negative in its tendency. Potassium permanganate has the recipe of MnO4-which can be diminished to Mn2+ in lessening conditions. This is an oxidizing operator. In this investigation the iron (II) oxalate and potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate were examined. At that point these two salts were broke down for their iron and oxalate content and furthermore the exact recipe of each salt was resolved. Contraption: Pasteur pipette, gauging vessel, spatula, watch glass, estimating cyclinder blending bar, Buchner channel ,plug, warming mantle, balance, measuring utencils, thermometer, channel paper, ice-salt shower, carafes. Synthetic compounds: Synthetic Brand Evaluation Ferrous ammonium sulfate GPR Aldrich Oxalic corrosive dihydrate GPR N/A 2M sulphuric corrosive GPR BDH CH3)2CO GPR BDH Iron(II) oxalate GPR N/A Potassium oxalate monohydrate GPR BDH Hydrogen peroxide GPR BDH Ethanol GPR BDH Potassium permanganate GPR BDH Zinc GPR Carlo Erba Strategy: Trial A: Preparation of Iron(II) Oxalate 15g of ferrous ammonium sulfate were broken up in 50cm3 of warm water which has been fermented with 2M sulphuric corrosive (1cm3). 75cm3 of 10% oxalic corrosive arrangement was included with quick mixing. The blend was warmed tenderly to the breaking point and afterward the yellow accelerate of ferrous oxalate was permitted to settle. The encourage was expelled by filtration on a Buchner pipe. It was washed altogether with heated water and afterward with CH3)2CO. The item was permitted to dry on the pipe under pull and gauged. The item was utilized for the following segment. Trial B: Preparation of potassium trioxalatoferrate(III)Trihydrate 3.25g of ferrous oxalate was suspended in a warm arrangement of potassium oxalate (5g in 15cm3 water. 15cm3 of 20vol hydrogen peroxide was included from a burette while the arrangement was mixed ceaselessly and kept up at 40OC. The arrangement contained the encourage of ferric hydroxide. This was expelled by warming the answer for bubbling. 10cm3 of 10% oxalic corrosive and afterward a further modest quantity of oxalic corrosive was included dropwise until the encourage simply disintegrated. During the expansion of oxalic corrosive, the arrangement was kept up close to the breaking point. The hot arrangement was sifted. 15cm3 of ethanol was added to the filtrate, any precious stones that were shaped by delicate warming were re-broken down and put in a dim cabinet to take shape. The gems were gathered by filtration on a Buchner pipe. These were washed with an equivolume blend of ethanol and water lastly with CH3)2CO. This was dried,weighed and the item kept in obscurity. Test C: The examination of the items for iron and oxalate Iron(II) oxalate 0.3g of oxalate was broken up in 25cm3 of 2M sulphuric corrosive. The arrangement was warmed to 60OC and titrated with 0.02M standard potassium permanganate arrangement until the main lasting pink shading was watched. 2g of zinc dust were added to the arrangement and bubbled for 25 minutes. It was separated through the glass divider and the leftover was washed with 2M sulphuric corrosive. The washings were added to the filtrate and this was titrated with an answer of standard potassium permanganate The rates of iron, oxalate, water of crystallization in the item and the experimental recipe were resolved. Potassium trioxalateoferrate(III) trihydrate 0.2g of the complex were broken down in 25cm3 2M sulphuric corrosive. This was titrated with 0.02M standard potassium permanganate arrangement until the primary perpetual pink shading was watched. 2g of zinc dust were added to the arrangement and bubbled for 25 minutes. This was sifted through a glass fleece and the leftover was washed with 2M sulphuric corrosive. The washings were added to the filtrate and this was titrated with an answer of standard potassium permanganate. The level of iron and oxalate in the complex was resolved. These were contrasted with the hypothetical qualities. Results: Analysis A: Ferrous oxalate: 7.478g Analysis B Potassium oxalate:5.058g Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) hydrate:6.019g Ferrous oxalate:3.273g Analysis C: Iron oxalate: 0.301g Volume of potassium permanganate Beginning Last Titre esteem Volume of potassium permanganate in the wake of including zinc Beginning Last Titre esteem Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate:0.200g Volume of potassium permanganate Beginning Last Titre esteem Volume of potassium permanganate in the wake of including zinc Beginning Last Titre esteem Count: Iron(II) oxalate Iron(II) and oxalate is oxidized by permanganate to Iron(III) and carbon dioxide Iron(III) is diminished by zinc to Iron(II) MnO4-+ 5Fe3+-+ 8H +â†'Mn2 + 5Fe2+ + 4H2O Iron 0.02 moles=1000cm3 ? 17.2cm3 3.4410-4 moles 5Fe2+:1MnO4- 1.72X10-3:3.44X10-4moles 1mole=56g 1.7210-3moles=? 0.096g Oxalate 2MnO4-+5C2O42-+16H+â†' 2Mn2+ + 10CO2+8H2O 52.4cm3-17.2cm3=35.2cm3 0.02moles=1000cm3 ? 35.2cm3 7.0410-4moles 2MnO-4:5C2O42- 7.04X10-4:1.76X10-3 1mole=88g 1.7610-3moles=? 0.155g Observational recipe 0.096g+0.155g=0.251g 0.301g-0.251g=0.05g 1mole=18g ? = 0.05g 2.7810-3moles 1.7210-3 moles 1.7610-3moles 2.7810-3moles 1.7210-3 moles 1.7210-3moles 1.7210-3moles 1 1.02~1 1 .6 ~ 2 FeC2O4.2H2O % of iron, oxalate and water of crystallization in Iron(II) oxalate Hypothetical Fe C2O4 2H2O 56g 88g 36g 180g 18 31% 49% 20% Tested Fe C2O4 2H2O 0.096g 0.155g 0.05g 0.301g 31.89% 51.5% 16.6% Potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate Oxalate is oxidized by permanganate to carbon dioxide Iron(III) is diminished by zinc to Iron(II) Iron MnO4-+ 5Fe3+-+ 8H +â†'Mn2 + 5Fe2+ + 4H2O 0.02moles=1000cm3 ? 4.1cm3 8.210-5 moles 5Fe2+:1MnO4- 4.110-4moles: 8.210-5 moles 1 mole=56g 4.110-4moles =0.023g Oxalate 2MnO4-+5C2O42-+16H+â†' 2Mn2+ + 10CO2+8H2O 0.02 moles=1000cm3 ? 26.4cm3 5.2810-4moles 2MnO4-:5C2O4 5.2810-4:1.3210-3 moles 1 mole=88g 1.3210-3 moles=? 0.116g K3[Fe(C2O4)3].3H2O= RMM 471 % of iron and oxalate in potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate Hypothetical K3 Fe (C2O4)3 3H2O 120 56 264 36 471 25.48% 11.9% 56% 7.64% Tested Fe (C2O4)3 0.023 0.116 0.2 11.5% of iron in potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate 58% of oxalate in potassium trioxalatoferrate(III) trihydrate Precautionary measures: The precious stones were scratched from the channel paper which could prompt off base filtration. The temperature of the arrangement was kept above 60oC during the titration of iron oxalate against potassium permanaganate. Titration mechanical assembly was washed in like manner; Pipette and burette were washed first with water and afterward with the arrangement. Flagons were washed with water as it were. It was ensured that the burette was not flawed since it would influence the conclusive outcome. The result of potassium trioxalatoferate(III) trihydrate was placed in a dim cabinet since it is photosensitive causing loss of item. A warming mantle was utilized rather than a bunsen burner since ethanol is combustible. At the point when the ethanol was added to the filtrate to some extent B the arrangement was left to chill off since if the ethanol was added to the hot filtrate the ethanol could have vanished. Wellsprings of mistake: Dish sets that was not aligned appropriately could be a wellspring of blunder The precious stones were not dried totally thus would prompt higher weight. Loss of the item due to moving from the parity to the cup, because of air flows and temperamental developments. The shade of the end point could be misdirecting as various individuals have distinctive affectability to hues. Hydrogen peroxide could break down in light thus the oxidation of iron (II) and iron (III) would not be finished. Permanganate arrangement when permitted to remain in burette can experience fractional deterioration to MnO2. Troublesome in observing the estimations on the burette in light of the dull violet delivered by the permanganate arrangement Ferric particle is ruddy earthy colored which could have meddled with the perception of the swoon pink titration endpoint. Conversation: Readiness of iron(II) oxalate When oxalic corrosive is added to the blend of ferrous ammonium sulfate in water and fermented wi

Casey, William Joseph

Casey, William Joseph Casey, William Joseph, 1913â€"87, American public official, b. New York City. After graduating from Fordham (B.S., 1934) he obtained a law degree from St. Johns Univ. (1937). During World War II he became an important official in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) and helped supervise clandestine operations in Europe. After the war he became a successful tax lawyer. A conservative Republican, he held several high positions in the Nixon and Ford administrations, including chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission (1973â€"74) and head of the Export-Import Bank (1975). In 1980 he served as chairman of President Reagan's campaign committee. Between 1981 and 1987, he served as director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), where he was responsible for an aggressive expansion of clandestine activities. He was one of the central figures in the complex sequence of covert activities known as the Iran-contra affair . On Dec. 15, 1986, shortly after the affair became public, Casey suffered a serious stroke. He died of brain cancer the next year without revealing the details of his involvement in the events. See his The Secret War against Hitler (1988); biography by J. E. Persico (1990). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

The Middle Level Grades Sector Of Our Education System

Being an educator in the middle level grades sector of our education system is not a simplistic idea with a singular task. It is also not easily defined. There are many aspects to be considered. We must start at the beginning where the basis was founded and build upon that. To understand and prepare for the future of education in the middle level grades we must remember the history, concepts, ideas, theories, and all the research that has come before us. The concept of the middle level school is still a fairly recent one. The birth of the name and the concept came out of the need to separate and give new identities to the grades in between elementary and high school. It was determined through research and collaboration that this group of students needed a curriculum and establishment that was better suited to provide for and accompany them during their time of change from children to adolescents. The developmental properties of students in this group are rapidly changing and growing, unlike those of their peers below them in elementary and above them in high school. The previous concept of the junior high school did not fit these students. They were just a smaller version of a high school student. The high school system did not work for them. They needed a schedule and a curriculum that was designed around their ever-changing needs. Research has shown that pre-and early adolescence students have an understanding, intelle ct, and social order, physical andShow MoreRelatedHigh School Education in India1546 Words   |  7 PagesEDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA- HIGH SCHOOL In India, high school is a grade of education which includes Standards VII to X. Standards XI to XII called as Higher Secondary School or Senior Secondary School or Junior college. Some states refer to Standards IX and X as High School, while XI and XII are termed as Intermediate. 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In cities like these, there is high competition for employment and as such it is very difficult to find adequate jobs. Considering that educated middle class citizens have difficulties in finding good jobs, one can only imagine what the inner-city poor go through in finding adequate jobs. Government fundedRead MoreCausality of t he Racial Educational Achievement Gap1350 Words   |  6 PagesCausality of the Racial Educational Achievement Gap Research shows that on average, there is an educational gap between different ethnicities. This gap is called the racial educational achievement gap and is often looked at as the difference in education between black, hispanic, and white students. Even though this gap is not true in all situations, it is a big enough problem that several organizations have taken extensive research to find out exactly what causes the racial achievement gap. Pinpointing

The Sociological Understanding Of Consumer Behaviour

Introduction Consumption is a universal process that we all take part in, regardless of class, status or gender. Understanding how consumption is made possible is a key sociological question. The concept and foundation of consumption can often simply be understood as an individual consumers’ buying behaviour process (Foxall, 1983). Limiting the concept of consumption to this finite understanding only hinders the plethora of symbolism and layers of meaning that can be analysed in contemporary consumer behaviour. Throughout this essay, I will analytically assess how consumption is made possible by focusing on the sociological understanding of consumer behaviour. I will do this by analysing three key areas. Firstly, I will discuss how products can hold a symbolic values that will allows consumers to create and sustain their self-identities. Secondly marketers will be shown to use this symbolism by employing emotional work and playing on brand identity in order to shape consumer behaviour. Finally, I will culminate the assessment by asserting how a consumers’ social and cultural consumption behaviour can be affected by ing behaviour. I will conclude by sustaining the argument that understanding consumption from a sociological perspective is significant as it provides a deeper understanding of contemporary consumer behaviour. The idea of symbolic consumption In understanding how products hold a symbolic value Mach (1993) asserts how the construction of aShow MoreRelatedConsumer behaviour theory is all fine and well, but has nothing to tell us about how consumers act in real life1037 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬ËœConsumer behaviour theory is all fine and well, but has nothing to tell us about how consumers act in real life’ In the current state of understanding consumer behaviour attitudes are core concept in gaining knowledge of people’s personalities, behaviour and choices they make. 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Why Search Engines and Databases Produce Different Types of Results Free Essays

Living in the Information Age (SOS-110-OL) Writing Assignment 2 The difference between what evaluative and assessment information is provided by an Internet search using Google. com and a search using EBSCO’s Academic Search Premier Database is extremely different. I started my searches by open two different internet windows, Google on one and EBSCO on another. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Search Engines and Databases Produce Different Types of Results or any similar topic only for you Order Now My Google search and EBSCO search was â€Å"articles on privacy and security on the internet†. The top result from Google was ftc. gov. This page had a list of three different microsites, two did not have any articles and the other one did. The article I found was on Malware. When I evaluate this article from the techniques from the Berkeley site, it does not rate well. It has no author and it does not cite any sources. The one plus it does have is that it is from a . gov site. Even though it does not rate well I do trust this site. The reason why I trust the site is because in the fifth step of the evaluation process, listen to your gut reaction. Think about why the page was created, the intentions of its author. My gut reaction tells me the information is coming from a government cite so I trust it. The purpose of this article was to inform and educate, there were no other intentions other than to inform and educate. My top result from EBSCO was an article from Communications of the ACM called Privacy and Security as Simple as Possible, But Not More So. The authors of this article are very creditable and qualified on the topic. This article was published to inform, give facts and some opinion. The article’s sources are document with footnotes throughout. Overall, this is a credible and useful source of information. It as creditable authors and all of the information was backed up with creditable sources. Like I said earlier the difference between what evaluative and assessment information is provided by an Internet search using Google. com and a search using EBSCO’s Academic Search Premier Database is extremely different. Search engines locate web pages that contain the keywords that the users entered. They also can find articles but it can be difficult to narrow down results. Like the search I just completed â€Å"articles on privacy and security on the internet† the search engines finds web pages not articles, so most of the information that came back from the search did not really pertain to what I was looking for. The database search on the other hand searched for actual articles that pertained to the subject that I was looking for, it is more organized and easier to access. Database much like the internet have massive amounts of data in which they can pull information but databases mainly will pull their articles from newspapers, magazines, journals and electronic reference sources so it is a more creditable source. Internet search engines and database searches can both provide good sources of information when doing searches. I found that the database search was more organize and had more information that pertained to my subject. How to cite Why Search Engines and Databases Produce Different Types of Results, Papers

The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay Example For Students

The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay The Renaissance started in Italy for many different reasons. For one, the Italians simply saw what they used to be The ancient city of Rome, mainly. They also probably wanted stability, with all this war and church nonsense going around. Finally, they needed something to do in these dark times, I would imagine. Rome was a magnificent city, and it flourished with life and prosperity Unlike the Italy prior to the Renaissance. I believe Romeos ruins was a prime factor in the Renaissance; l, personally would feel very motivated to create new cities and artwork y seeing what we as a country used to be. We will write a custom essay on The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To me, its as if the ghosts of their magnificent past came back and told them to get their act in gear, and they listened. With the Holy Roman Empire and all this church rubble going around, Im sure the Italians wanted stability and comfort. Comfort is very much so in the mind of the beholder, and I suppose artwork and innovation was comfortable to them in those times of war. Staring at the beautiful artwork of Michelangelo would definitely motivate me, personally. Finally, the Italians needed something. Something to entertain them, to take their minds off their misery or poor governmental conditions. Art is a very calming thing, and Im sure many found peace in doing so. The Renaissance was a must, and it happened. So, in conclusion, the Renaissance happened in Italy for three main reasons; they saw what they used to be, wanted stability, and wanted an escapement from reality. The Renaissance was a great period and some of the best artwork ever created by mankind has come from it, too. The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay Example For Students The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay The Renaissance started in Italy for many different reasons. For one, the Italians simply saw what they used to be The ancient city of Rome, mainly. They also probably wanted stability, with all this war and church nonsense going around. Finally, they needed something to do in these dark times, I would imagine. Rome was a magnificent city, and it flourished with life and prosperity Unlike the Italy prior to the Renaissance. I believe Romeos ruins was a prime factor in the Renaissance; l, personally would feel very motivated to create new cities and artwork y seeing what we as a country used to be. We will write a custom essay on The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To me, its as if the ghosts of their magnificent past came back and told them to get their act in gear, and they listened. With the Holy Roman Empire and all this church rubble going around, Im sure the Italians wanted stability and comfort. Comfort is very much so in the mind of the beholder, and I suppose artwork and innovation was comfortable to them in those times of war. Staring at the beautiful artwork of Michelangelo would definitely motivate me, personally. Finally, the Italians needed something. Something to entertain them, to take their minds off their misery or poor governmental conditions. Art is a very calming thing, and Im sure many found peace in doing so. The Renaissance was a must, and it happened. So, in conclusion, the Renaissance happened in Italy for three main reasons; they saw what they used to be, wanted stability, and wanted an escapement from reality. The Renaissance was a great period and some of the best artwork ever created by mankind has come from it, too. The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay Example For Students The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy Essay The Renaissance started in Italy for many different reasons. For one, the Italians simply saw what they used to be The ancient city of Rome, mainly. They also probably wanted stability, with all this war and church nonsense going around. Finally, they needed something to do in these dark times, I would imagine. Rome was a magnificent city, and it flourished with life and prosperity Unlike the Italy prior to the Renaissance. I believe Romeos ruins was a prime factor in the Renaissance; l, personally would feel very motivated to create new cities and artwork y seeing what we as a country used to be. We will write a custom essay on The Reasons why the Renaissance started in Italy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now To me, its as if the ghosts of their magnificent past came back and told them to get their act in gear, and they listened. With the Holy Roman Empire and all this church rubble going around, Im sure the Italians wanted stability and comfort. Comfort is very much so in the mind of the beholder, and I suppose artwork and innovation was comfortable to them in those times of war. Staring at the beautiful artwork of Michelangelo would definitely motivate me, personally. Finally, the Italians needed something. Something to entertain them, to take their minds off their misery or poor governmental conditions. Art is a very calming thing, and Im sure many found peace in doing so. The Renaissance was a must, and it happened. So, in conclusion, the Renaissance happened in Italy for three main reasons; they saw what they used to be, wanted stability, and wanted an escapement from reality. The Renaissance was a great period and some of the best artwork ever created by mankind has come from it, too.

donor essays

donor essays The book starts by telling about the problems occurring in the hospital where Michael works. Too many patients are dying of causes that would not normally kill them. When Michael watches a little girl's life slip away despite the best that modern medicine can deliver, he becomes depressed about his choice of careers. Across town, a popular and prominent Congressman dies - his skull shattered by a shotgun, but police investigators determine the death to be a suicide. Despite what they say, the Congressman's beautiful young daughter, Shannon Donnelly, stubbornly refuses to believe that her father took his own life. In a twist of events, Michael becomes the top contender for the dead Congressmans seat. Jonathan Waverly, a billionaire who wants to organize a group of national politicians to back his dream of a nationwide chain of medical research centers, feels that Michael is the perfect man for the political job. However, before Michael agrees to the job, he takes a tour of the Waverly Research Center, but he only sees one building. In the building, he sees various robots, machines, and great technological advances. He sees some of the most amazing things and hears some amazing ideas that Waverly has for the medical field. The most unique thing he sees is a mannequin. It was the most realistic one he had ever seen. In fact, he thinks that it is a real man. At first he thinks this is strange, but Waverly quickly explains that it was made for an amusement park ride and Michael thinks nothing of it again. The other building contains mental patients, and other experimental medical instr uments and techniques. After some bribing, and offers of a lifetime, Michael agrees to run for the Congressmans seat. After Shannon meets Michael as he is paying his condolences at her house, she is angered with him and vows to find who murdered her father. She begins to check her mothers house, which was where her fath...

Democrat is a Noun

Democrat is a Noun Democrat is a Noun Democrat is a Noun By Maeve Maddox Martin Benvenuto writes: Could you please settle a discussion concerning Democrat vs. Democratic. It is my contention that Democratic is not the plural of Democrat. Is this correct? Democrat is a noun. Democratic is an adjective. The plural of democrat is democrats. This question put me in mind of the incorrect way that the noun democrat is often used in place the adjective democratic. As I usually do when beginning a post on usage, I looked for random examples of the error I wished to illustrate. I was surprised to come upon this information in a Wikipedia article: Democrat Party is a political epithet used in the United States instead of Democratic Party when talking about the Democratic Party. The term has been principally used by conservative commentators and members of the Republican Party in party platforms, partisan speeches and press releases since the 1930s. The explicit goal is to dissociate the name of the rival party from the concept of democracy. That was a new one on me. Id thought the error was committed because writers and speakers didnt understand that, while the word Republican can be either a noun or an adjective, Democrat has distinctive noun and adjective forms. a republican form of government the Republican party the Republican National Committee Republicans with strong principles. a democratic form of government the Democratic party the Democratic National Committee Democrats with strong principles. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Comparative Forms of AdjectivesOne Fell Swoop55 "House" Idioms

Excessive lose weight Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Excessive lose weight - Research Paper Example However, the efforts to promote weight loss can have adverse results if not managed properly. The obsession to lose weight can lead to excessive weight loss, which predisposes individual to other health problems and eating disorders. Weight loss, also referred to as slimming in medical terms refers to the process of reducing one’s total body mass. Body mass can be lost through various ways mean loss of body fluids, body fats, muscles, mineral deposits or tendons and other connective tissues in the body. Weight loss can occur either voluntarily or unintentionally. Involuntary weight loss can occur as a result of underlying health problems. Unintentional weight loss may result from depression, chronic infections like HIV/AIDS, anxiety, stress, or diarrhea. Voluntary or intentional weight loss, on the other hand, is a conscious effort of an individual to reduce weight due to perceived or actual obese of overweight state. Excessive weight loss, on the other hand, refers to an extreme reduction in one’s body mass leading to development of other health complications. There are various reasons why individuals lose weight. Intentional weight loss has many social, psychological, and health advantages to people. Different people, however, approach the question of weight loss with varying needs and intentions. The most common reason, however, is for health purposes. Excess weight leads top various overweight and obesity conditions where one’s body mass is beyond generally accepted range for average people. Individuals who are overweight or obese are vulnerable many health complications like heart diseases, cancer, strokes, diabetes, emotional problems like depression, and reducing one’s lifespan (Lipowski 13). It is, therefore, advisable for individuals to avoid gaining extra pound in order live healthy lifestyles and avoid these diseases. Weight loss, if properly managed, is healthy processes that can

Module 6 Reflections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Module 6 Reflections - Essay Example One key area that outstood in the module was the coding and interpretation of data. Through the lecture I got so much insight on the best strategies of analyzing the data. I remember vividly the lecturer’s commandments of data analysis. The first thing addressed was that there is need to have a thorough understanding of the literature presented. The second point involved adequate preparation while the other thing was to organize archival data in clear batches. Through these steps plus the reading from the textbook helped me have a solid understanding of the best approach to data analysis. I remember very well reading that data is supposed to be reviewed before it is coded. Another area of concern was in understanding the whole aspect of validity. I went through the textbook to gain further insight on the topic hence I was able to get a number of concepts about the topic. It was not ringing into my mind the so called external and internal validity but I sought help from a friend who distinguished the two aspects for me in concise details. According to what I understood, internal validity deals with the extent to which research findings minimizes the biasness that is achieved through the research while external validity refers to the generalizability of a research to other populations. Upon getting, the basic information through the lecture to the text, which provides some great insight on most of the aspects, learnt in class. Dr. Long shed some good light on the ways of dealing with substance and rigor in qualitative research. Even if validity had proven somehow tricky to get the full concept behind it, Long mentioned the distinction between validity and credibility. However, despite the understanding one question still lingers in my mind and requires someone to give me an elaborate description. The difference between credibility and reliability is the area of concern. In module 4, I had encountered a number of challenges in differentiating between

Chemistry and Synaptic Transmitters :: Chemistry Science Scientific Essays

Chemistry and Synaptic Transmitters The most common psychoactive substances can be divided into depressants (i.e., alcohol, sedatives, hypnotics), stimulants (i.e., cocaine, amphetamines, ecstasy), opioids (i.e., morphine and heroine), and hallucinogens (i.e., PCP, LSD, cannabis). The brain has different effects to different psychoactive substances. They bind to different receptor types, and can increase or decrease the activity of neurons through several different mechanisms. Consequently, these psychoactive substances have different behavioral effects, different rates of development of tolerance, different withdrawal symptoms, and different short-term and long-term effects (Vaccarino & Rotzinger, 2004). In this team project we will take a closer look at the hallucinogen, LSD by explaining the chemistry and route of access of LSD, synaptic transmitters and the parts of neurons affected, inhibitory/excitatory potential changes, physiological changes, primary behavior changes, side effects of behavior changes, and effects reported by users. LSD is considered to be one of, if not the, most potent hallucinogenic drug known (Leicht, 1996). To understand LSD first we will give a brief history of how LSD came into existence. In 1938, Albert Hoffman was an employee in the pharmacological department of Sandoz, in Basel, Switzerland. Hoffman was studying derivatives of lysergic acid, including systematically reacting the acid group with various reagents, to produce the corresponding amides, anhydrides, esters, etc. One of these derivatives was the diethylamide, made by addition of the –NC2H5)2 group, and it was named LSD-25. But the new substance didn’t appear to have any particularly useful medical properties, although the research report noted, in passing, that â€Å"the experimental animals became restless during the narcosis†. (May, 1998). LSD was not looked at for the next five years until Hoffman couldn’t get this new substance out of his mind and decided to reexamine LSD. Hoffman stated: â€Å"A peculiar presentiment- the feeling that this substance could possess properties other than those established in the first investigations- induced me, five years after the first synthesis, to produce LSD-25 once again so that a sample could be given to the pharmacological department for further tests.† So, in the spring of 1943, he repeated the synthesis of LSD-25. Hoffman is quoted in his laboratory journal on April 19, 1943. 17:00: Beginning dizziness, feelings of anxiety, visual distortions,

Gold Price and Effect on Stock Exchange

Gold Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in India P K Mishra Faculty in Economics, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Orissa, India E-mail: [email  protected] com J R Das Faculty in Management, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Orissa, India E-mail: j. [email  protected] co. in S K Mishra Faculty in Economics, TITE, Orissa, India E-mail: [email  protected] co. in Abstract The study of the capital market of a country in terms of a wide range of macroeconomic and financial variables has been the subject matter of many researches since last few decades. Recently one such variable, that is, gold price volatility has attracted the attention of many researchers, academicians and analysts. Thus, this paper is an attempt to analyse the causality relation that may run between domestic gold prices and stock market returns in India. The study by taking into consideration the domestic gold prices and stock market returns based on BSE 100 index, investigates the Granger causality in the Vector Error Correction Model for the period January 1991 to December 2009. The analysis provides the evidence of feedback causality between the variables. It infers that the Gold prices Granger-causes stock market returns and stock market returns also Granger-causes the gold prices in India during the sample period. Thus, both the variables contain some significant information for the prediction of one in terms of another. Keywords: Gold Price, Stock Market Return, BSE 100 Index, India, Volatility, Causality JEL Classification Codes: C22, C32, E44 1. Introduction The study of the capital market of a country in terms of a wide range of macro-economic and financial variables has been the subject matter of many researches since last few decades. Empirical studies reveal that once financial deregulation takes place, the stock markets of a country become more sensitive to both domestic and external factors. And, one such factor is the price of gold. From 1900 to 1971, with the global systems of gold standard and USD standard, gold price was regulated. But, since 1972, gold has been disconnected from the USD. Particularly in 1976 when the International Monetary Fund (IMF) passed Jamaica Agreement, did gold begin to evolve from currency to ordinary merchandise and since then gold price as been determined by market supply and demand. And, in India, the government started the process of globalization and liberalization since 1991 which allowed prices to be determined by the market forces. Gold Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in India 48 Since then, the government has been taking a number of steps to reform the gold sector and ensure that India benefits from the demand-influence that it has on the gold business internatio nally. The liberalisation of the gold sector has been made in stages; first allowing a number of banks to import gold – braking the monopoly of the State Trading Corporations; then considerably reducing the import duty – destroying a lucrative parallel smuggling channel and now, allowing traders, manufacturers as well as investors to trade in gold futures in India itself. Figure 1: Annual Price Movement of Gold in Indian Market Prior to the introduction of liberalization and globalization policies, gold prices in India showed an increasing trend (Fig. 1). In the post liberalization period, the average annual prices of gold also showed an increasing trend from the year 1991 to 1996. But, it showed a decreasing trend in 1997 and 1998 and again showed an increasing trend in the year 2000. From 2000 to 2009, gold prices are continuously increasing. The domestic gold price in India is continuously increasing due to its heavy demand in the country. There are several reasons gold has high demand in India. The first reason is security; gold offers full security as long as it is retained by central banks. There is no credit risk attached to gold. Secondly, gold is able to maintain its liquidity even at times of crisis situations like high global inflation or political turbulence. The third reason for holding gold is to build a diversified portfolio. Gold also has taken the role of an asset of last resort. World Economic History shows that countries have repeatedly used gold as security against loans when they have had difficulties with their Balance of Payments and have felt the need to borrow on the international capital markets. The domestic gold prices in India are associated strongly with the import parity prices which are determined by the global spot prices, Dollar-Rupee rate and local taxes and levies. Any change in the global prices gets transmitted very quickly and gets reflected in domestic prices, particularly for countries like India who are price takers in gold with a major part of the demand met by imports. The twin factors, namely, (i) increase in global spot gold prices (as the commodity becomes dearer to those looking for safe haven during times of economic crisis, and (ii) appreciation of USD against INR, led to sharp rise in gold prices in India in the recent past. Moreover, the total annual supply of gold across the globe has also decreased from 4037 tons in 2002 to 3380 tons in 2008. India is a large buyer of gold at about 700-800 tons per annum. It also recycles about 200 tons of gold out of old jewellery. A large chunk of Indian imports is used for jewellery exports. Since the gold prices in India are influenced by international factors, its volatility is very important. Volatility involves short term – monthly, weekly or even hourly fluctuations in gold prices as measured by their absolute percentage changes during a particular period. If we look at the rolling 49 P K Mishra, J R Das and S K Mishra standard deviation of monthly gold prices since 2000, the prices are more volatile after July 2007 which is almost the same time when the slow down started in USA as a result of the sub-prime crisis (Fig. 2). Figure 2: Standard Deviation of Gold Price in India A look at the historic data brings out that when the stock market crashes or when the dollar weakens, gold continues to be a safe haven investment because gold prices rise in such circumstances (Gaur and Bansal, 2010). It is no surprise that many investors, big and small have chosen to hedge their investments through gold at the time of crises. Figure 3: Movement of Gold Price and BSE 100 Index 20000 16000 12000 8000 4000 0 92 94 96 98 00 02 04 06 08 BSE100 GOLDPRICE Gold prices have been on an uptick since 2000, while the stock market declined from 2000 to 2003 and then again in 2008 (Fig. 3). In 2008 when the market was suffering from bearish phase worldwide, gold prices spiked as panic spread across global markets. So far since March 2009 in India signs of recovery in the stock markets have emerged. At the same time gold continues to forge ahead, Gold Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in India 50 lbeit at a slower pace. In 2008, the two assets prices – equity and gold, were moving in opposite directions, displaying the ability of the yellow metal to protect one's portfolios at the time of a dip. In fact, during each of the two prolonged bear phases (lasting at least a year) over the past decade, gold has provided an effective hedge. However, in India stocks do not seem to be perceived as an alternative to gold. The reason for holding gold is, to a large extent, guided by the individual sentiments. The gold investing habits of Indians strongly ingrained in the Indian Social Psyche. In India gold has been held by individuals for years and have passed hands of many generations. In addition, the equity culture in India is not as developed as in some other parts of the world. Gold has not yet lost its prime importance as a hedge against loss of wealth in times of crises. It is with this backdrop, this paper proceeds to investigate the direction of causality between domestic gold prices and stock market returns in India. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section II explains the data and methodology, Section III makes the analysis, and Section IV concludes. . Data and Methodology This paper aims at investigating the dynamic relationship between gold prices and stock market returns in India for the period 1991 to 2009. This study is mainly based on secondary data that have been collected from the database on Indian economy maintained by Reserve Bank of India. The study analyses the monthly data on domestic gold prices and stock market returns in India for the aforesaid period. Wherever data were missing, the averages of the data of the previous month and next month have been taken. The monthly stock market returns ( Rt ) based on BSE 100 Index have been calculated by the ? I ? Rt = log ? t ? ? I t ? 1 ? where I and I are the logarithmic difference change in the BSE 100 Index, i. e. , t t ? 1 closing value of monthly BSE 100 Index at time ‘t’ and‘t-1’ respectively. At the outset, the Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the aforesaid time series has been calculated and its significance has been tested by the t-test. The correlation coefficient has been calculated by using the formula: N ? XY – (? X)(? Y) r= N ? X 2 – (? X)2 N ? Y 2 – (? Y)2 And, the significance of this correlation coefficient has been tested by the t-test using the tr n? 2 under the null hypothesis H 0 : ? = 0 against the alternative hypothesis of statistic t n ? 2 = 1? r2 H1 : ? ? 0 with n-2 degrees of freedom. If the calculated value of t exceeds the critical value of t, then the null hypothesis will be rejected; otherwise accepted. Then the Granger causality between the variables has been investigated in the Vector Error Correction framework. And, as the essential steps of Granger Causality test, the stationarity and cointegration between variables have been found out. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test has been used to examine the stationarity of the time series of the study and to find the order of integration between them. The ADF unit root test has been performed by estimating the regression: ? Yt = ? 0 + ? 1Yt ? 1 + ? ? j? Yt ? j + ? t j=1 p The ADF unit root test is based on the null hypothesis H 0 : Yt is not I(0) . If the calculated ADF statistic is less than the critical value, then the null hypothesis is rejected; otherwise accepted. If the 51 P K Mishra, J R Das and S K Mishra variable is stationary at level, the variable is said to be integrated of order zero, I(0). If the variable is non-stationary at level, the ADF test can be utilised and the first difference of the variable can be used for testing a unit root. In this case, the variable is said to be co-integrated of order one, I(1). In the second step, the Johansen’s cointegration test has been applied to check whether the long run equilibrium relation exists between the variables. The Johansen approach to cointegration test is based on two test statistics, viz. , the trace test statistic, and the maximum eigenvalue test statistic. i = r +1 The trace test statistic can be specified as: where ? i is the i th largest eigenvalue of matrix ? and T is the number of observations. In the trace test, the null hypothesis is that the number of distinct cointegrating vector(s) is less than or equal to the number of cointegration relations ( r ). The maximum eigenvalue test examines the null hypothesis of exactly r cointegrating relations against the alternative of r + 1 cointegrating relations with the test statistic: ? max = ? T log(1 ? ?r +1 ), where ? trace = ? T ? log(1 ? ?i ), k ?r +1 is the (r + 1)th largest squared eigenvalue. In the trace test, the null hypothesis of r = 0 is tested against the alternative of r + 1 cointegrating vectors. At the end, the Granger Causality test has been used to determine whether one time series is useful in forecasting another thereby finding out the direction of relationship between the variables of the study. In the Granger Causality test, the vector of endogenous variables is divided in two sub-vectors, Y1t and, Y2t with dimensions K1 and, K 2 respectively, so that K = K1 + K 2 . The sub-vector Y1t is said to be Granger-causal for Y2t if it contains useful information for predicting the latter set of variables. For testing this property, the levels VAR following form without exogenous variables of the model is considered. A 0 Yt = A1Yt ? 1 + †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ + A p +1Yt ? p ? 1 + B0 X t + †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ + Bq X t ? q + C*D*t + u t If that model contains p + 1 lags of the endogenous variables as in the above model, the test is based on a model with p + 2 lags of the endogenous variables, ? Y1t ? p + 2 ? ?11,i ? 12,i ? ? Y1,t ? i ? ? u1t ? ? ? Y ? + CD t + ? ? ? Y ? = ? ? 2t ? i =1 ? 21,i ? 22,i ? ? 2,t ? i ? ? u 2t ? as proposed by Dolado and Lutkepohl (1996). The null hypothesis that Y1t is not Granger-causal for Y2t is tested by checking the null hypothesis ? 21,i = 0, i = 1, 2,†¦. , p + 1 A Wald test statistic, divided by the number of restrictions pK1K 2 , is used in conjunction with an F(pK1K 2 , KT ? n * ) distribution for testing the restrictions. Here n * is the total number of parameters in the system (Lutkepohl, 1991), including the parameters of the deterministic term. Of course, the role of Y1t and Y2t can be reversed to test Granger-causality from Y2t to Y1t . 3. Empirical Analysis It is clear from the Fig. 3 that the direction of movements of gold prices and BSE 100 Indices in India is same. The value of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) between these two time series over the period 1991 to 2009 is 0. 873. To test whether this value of ‘r’ shows a significant relationship between two time series, student’s t-test has been used. The null hypothesis of the test is r = 0 against the alternative of r ? 0. Since the t-statistic at 226 degrees of freedom is 26. 9 and the critical value of t at 5% level of significance is less than it, the null hypothesis is rejected. So, it can be said that the correlation between gold prices and BSE 100 indices is statistically significant. Gold Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in India 52 Thus, it seems that gold prices and stock market returns based on BSE 100 Index are significantly correlated. And, computation reveals that the value of ‘r’ is 0. 0143 between them which is not statistically significant for the t-statistic of 0. 217 at 226 degrees of freedom. So it can be said that although gold prices and BSE 100 Indices are significantly correlated, the correlation between gold prices and stock market returns based on BSE 100 Index is not significant. But much interesting results have been obtained from the Granger Causality test. The Granger causality test presumes that the given time series are stationary. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test has been used for this purpose. And, the results of such test are reported in Table 1. Table 1: Results of Augmented Dickey-Fuller Unit Root Test ADF Statistic -14. 61 Critical Values At 1%: -3. 459 At 5%: -2. 874 At 10%: -2. 573 At 1%: -3. 459 At 5%: -2. 874 At 10%: -2. 573 Decision Reject Null hypothesis of no unit root Variables in their First Differences Gold Prices Stock Market Returns -12. 01 Reject Null hypothesis of no unit root It is clear from the Table 1 that the hull hypothesis of no unit roots for both the time series are rejected at their first differences since the ADF est statistic values are less than the critical values at 10%, 5% and 1% levels of significances. Thus, the variables are stationary and integrated of same order, i. e. , I(1). In the next step, the cointegration between the stationary variables has been tested by the Johansen’s Trace and Maximum Eigenvalue tests. The results of these tests are shown in Table 2. The Trace test indicates the existence of two cointegrating equatio ns at 5% level of significance. And, the maximum eigenvalue test makes the confirmation of this result. Thus, the two variables of the study have long-run or equilibrium relationship between them. Table 2: Results of Johansen’s Cointegration Test Sample: January 1991 to December 2009 Included observations: 225 after adjustments Trend assumption: Linear deterministic trend Series: Gold Prices and Stock Market Returns Lags interval (in first differences): 1 to 2 Unrestricted Cointegration Rank Test (Trace) Trace 0. 05 Eigenvalue Statistic Critical Value 0. 264883 83. 69901 15. 49471 0. 062248 14. 46069 3. 841466 Hypothesized No. of CE(s) None * At most 1 * Prob. ** 0. 0000 0. 0001 Trace test indicates 2 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0. 05 level * denotes rejection of the hypothesis at the 0. 5 level ** MacKinnon-Haug-Michelis (1999) p-values Unrestricted Cointegration Rank Test (Maximum Eigenvalue) Hypothesized Max-Eigen 0. 05 No. of CE(s) Eigenvalue Statistic Critical Value None * 0. 264883 69. 23832 14. 26460 At most 1 * 0. 062248 14. 46069 3. 841466 Max-eigenvalue test indicates 2 cointegrating eqn(s) at the 0. 05 level * denotes rejection of the hypothesis at the 0. 05 level ** MacKinnon-Haug-Michelis (1999) p-values Prob. ** 0. 0000 0. 0001 53 Table 3: Results of Granger Causality Test P K Mishra, J R Das and S K Mishra Null Hypothesis Gold Prices do not Granger Cause Stock Market Returns Stock Market Returns do not Granger Cause Gold Prices F-Statistic (73, 12) 11. 678 32. 997 Probability 0. 000 0. 000 Decision Reject Reject Now, the Granger causality test can be performed to determine the direction of causation between these two variables in the Vector Error Correction Model. The results of the Granger causality test are reported in Table 3. It is inferred that the null hypothesis of â€Å"Gold Prices do not Granger Cause Stock Market Returns† and â€Å"Stock Market Returns do not Granger Cause Gold Prices† are here clearly rejected. Thus, both the variables contain some significant information such that they cause each other. But it is very interesting to note that these two variables are insignificantly correlated, i. e. , a very low degree of correlation holds between them. During the period of global financial crisis, stock markets crashed but gold price continues to increase in the country. This could be explained as follows. The extent of holding of gold in India is widespread but stocks are not held by all, though retail participation in the Stock Markets might have gone up in the last few years. Indians consider gold the safe haven investment as a financial asset and as jewellery. World Gold Council Report says that India stands today as the world’s largest single market for gold consumption. Traditionally, gold has been more attractive than bank deposits, stocks and bonds. In developing countries, people have often trusted gold as a better investment. In many countries including India, gold remains an integral part of social and religious customs, besides being the basic form of savings. But recently many innovative financial products have been lunched relating to gold. In March 2003, the first Gold Exchange Traded Fund, i. e. , Gold Bullion Securities was launched on the Australian Stock Exchange. Now, gold exchange traded funds are being traded like shares on the major stock exchanges including London, New York and Sydney. In India the first gold ETF was launched in March 2007 by Benchmark Mutual Fund. And, the UTI gold ETF has emerged as the best performer since May 2009. The number of new accounts created by Gold ETFs in India surged 57% between March and September 2009. The overall AUM in Gold ETFs at the end of December 2009 was Rs 1,352 crore, up from Rs 717 crore in April 09. It shows that Indian investors are gradually moving into gold ETFs for investment instead of physical form. Recently derivatives such as gold forwards, futures and options have become very popular and have been traded on various exchanges around the world and over-the-counter directly in the private market. In the USA, gold futures are primarily traded on the New York Commodities Exchange. In India, the National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange introduced 100 gram gold futures in November 2006. The volume of Gold futures traded in this exchange during January to August 2007 was 4,479,114 which have been increased to 9,038,795 in January to August 2008. It is thus inferred that Indians have started considering gold more than jewellery and as good as investments on bonds and equities. Perhaps, this explains the co-movement of gold prices and stock prices in the aftermath of global financial crisis. Gold Price Volatility and Stock Market Returns in India 54 4. Conclusion This paper examines the gold price volatility and the causality between domestic gold prices and stock market returns in India for the period 1991 to 2009. The study uses monthly data on the defined time series. The required data have been collected from the database of Reserve Bank of India. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test says that the time series of the study are stationary and all integrated of order one. The Johansen’s cointegration test reveals that there exists long run equilibrium relation between gold prices and stock market returns in India. 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The Team That Wasnt - 1561 Words

Case Analysis for The Team That Wasn t Fire Art is a family owned business in the glass making industry based out of Indiana. The company has an 80 year history of producing high quality and high priced glass merchandise. About 18 month ago, sales and earnings bottomed out which drove the need to implement a strategic realignment plan to have the business running and winning within six months. The problem in this case is building a collaborative team with various backgrounds and skills to create a strategic realignment plan in the glass industry to take on the competition, build brand loyalty, increase sales and maximize earnings. Assumptions The assumptions in the case are the employees lack of knowledge of the family†¦show more content†¦What family businesses value and believe about people, work, and money shapes their behavior toward their business and their employees. Without shared values, it is difficult to create a sense of direction for the business. Managerial Decisions The decisions that managers make when running a business, forming teams, or creating strategies are very important for the overall health of the business. Fire Art limited itself strictly in the Mid-Western region and did not embrace expansion outside of it current market area. This decision may have worked for many years in the company but it restricted its growth which allowed competition to gain market share in their industry. It is also imperative that management from a Senior level ensure their employees are aware of the direction the company wants to take in regards to increasing market share, sales and earnings particularly if they see a downward trend in those areas. Hence, the CEO vision for their business or company becomes increasingly important along with the belief the company has a viable product or service the consumer wants. A manager with strong beliefs about the right course of action will attract subordinates with similar beliefs. 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